Chemical Composition Of The Cell:Biology Chapter 4

Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides

Lipids 

• Waxes
• Steroid
• Phospholipids
• Triglycerides

Proteins 

• Primary structures
• Secondary structures
• Tertiary structures
• Quartener structures
• Enzymes

Nucleic Acids

• DNA
• RNA

Organic Substances

• Consists of carbon element
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

Inorganic Substances

• Does not consists of carbon element
• Water

Element that are present in chemical compounds

Carbohydrates-Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen

Proteins-Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen,Nitrogen,Sulphur,Phosphorus

Lipids-Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen

Nitrogen-Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen,Phosphorus,Nitrogen

Water-Hydrogen,Oxygen

Elements

Hydrogen,Carbon,Oxygen,Nitrogen-Synthesis of organic compounds,example proteins,lipids and nucleic acids

Sulphur-A component of some proteins

Sodium

Animal cells:Helps in the transmission of nerve impulse

Plant cells:Not required

Magnesium

Animal cells:involved in protein synthesis

Plant cells:Required for the synthesis of chlorophyll

Calcium

Animal cells:Required for the formation of bones and teeth

Plant cells:Synthesis of cell walls

Phosphorus

Animal cells:Formation of bones and teeth

Plant cells:Synthesis of ATP

Importance of chemical composition of the cell

Carbohydrates

Saccharide

• Mono -Glucose/ C6H12O6 + O2 = ATP

• Di

• Poly-starch

       -bread

       -rice

       -potato

• Major source of energy in the cells

*diabetes if take too much in our life

Proteins

• Build new cells for growth and renew damaged tissues

• Required in the synthesis of enzymes,antibodies and certain hormones

• Amino acids to build

• Give energy for growth

• Replace dead cells

• Produce enzyme

Lipids

• Source of energy 2x more than carbohydrates

• Provides physical protection to major organs

• Solvent for fat-soluble vitamins

• Heat insulator

• Plasma Membrane

• Hormones

• Protect with Vitamin A,D,E and K

Nucleic Acids

• RNA and DNA-Genetic information

Importance Of Water

• Solvent

• Providing support

• Lubrication(mucus)

• Transport medium(Blood,lymphatic,excretory,digestive and plants)(Support in plants)

• Providing moisture

• Maintaining body temperature

• 70% of cell mass

• Found in cell,lymph,blood plasma,interstitial fluid

• Universal solvent(due to its polar properties)

• Medium for biochemical reactions

• Maintains stable internal environment(osmotic pressure)